India has perhaps the oldest living philosophical tradition in the world. Though both
Buddhism and Jainism began in India, its primary influence is the Vedic tradition. The Vedas are
the fundamental Hindu scriptures and the basis of the six systems of Indian philosophy. Hindu
philosophy affirms an ultimate or universal reality, but it is also individualistic, embracing many
alternatives or paths to one reality. Also characteristic is the belief in reincarnation, and in
karma, the law of moral causation.

The World of Philosophy series presents the questions, interests, and worldviews of the world's great
philosophers and philosophical traditions. Special emphasis on clear and relevant explanations, in
understandable language, give you a new arsenal of insights toward living a better life.

University of Maine